空间电磁能量收集技术的发展与应用

Development and Application of Space Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting Technology

随着现代通信网络的不断成熟及互联网和传感器网络的不断发展,使用空间电磁能量收集(electromagnetic energy havesting,EEH),也称射频能量收集(radio frequency energy havesting,RFEH)技术为随处可见的低功耗电子产品提供电能,与使用电池作为电源相比,展示出了极大的优势。为此,首先介绍了EEH技术的基本结构和原理,分析接收天线和整流电路对能量收集功率和效率的重要影响,指出天线和整流电路研究中的主要问题和发展方向;进而综述了国内外的优秀研究成果,对现有的研究工作进行了总结;最后讨论EEH已有的应用和广阔前景。

With gradual maturity of modern communication network and continuous development of internet and the sensor network, space electromagnetic energy harvesting （EEH） that is also called radio frequency energy harvesting （RFEH） technology is used to provide electric energy for ubiquitous low-power electronics, which has showed great advantages com- pared with batteries as power sources. Therefore, this paper firstly introduces basis structure and principle of EEH technolo- gy and analyzes important effect of the receiving antenna and rectifying circuit on energy collection power and efficiency. It points out major problems and development direction in research of the antenna and rectifying circuit and reviews excellent research achievements at home and abroad. Meanwhile, it summarizes present research working and discusses existing appli- cation and bright prospects of EEH technology.