关于汉语构词的三个问题

The Three Problems in Regard to Chinese Word-formation

汉语构词系统中存在着一些长期悬而未决的问题。依据汉语词法结构和句法结构的一致性原则,并结合构词语素的性质、构词结果的性质、构词语素之间的关系,可以断定,"书本"类"名+量"复合词是并列结构,属于并列复合词中的一个小类;喻本式复合词注重事物、情状类的再划分,而本喻式复合词注重事物属性的凸显,两类词语的语素排列顺序体现了两种不同的认知方式;汉语词法构造中有同位结构关系和连谓结构关系,与汉语的句法构造系统具有高度的一致性。

There are some pending problems still existing in Chinese word-formation system. Based on the consistency principle of Chinese lexical structure and syntactic structure, as well as the four different aspects which include the natures of morphemes and word-formation outputs, and the relations among various morphemes, we have concluded that the compound words like ＇noun ＋ measure word＇ （e.g 书本） is the parallel structure, which belong to one sub-class of parallel compound words. The metaphor-noumenon compound words focus on the re-division of things and circumstances, and the noumenon-metaphor compound words focus on the nature of things. These two types of combination of morphemes represent lwo different cognitive styles. The construction of Chinese morphology includes the apposition structure and the consecutive-predicate structure, which is highly consistent with Chinese syntactic structure.