环境污染激发公众环境关注了吗?

Does Environmental Pollution Provoke Public Environmental Concern?

文章利用2013年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)家户调查与城市匹配数据,从环境问题关注、环境行动和对政府环境工作评价三个层面考察了环境污染对公众环境关注的影响。研究发现:(1)在环境污染的驱动下,公众对环境问题更加关注,采取了更加积极的私人环境行动,对政府环境工作更为不满,但是环境污染并未激发公众更深层次的公共环境行动。(2)面对环境污染,不同社会群体的环境关注呈现出分异的特征,老年人对环境问题更加关注且对政府环境工作更为不满,而城市居民的私人环境行动更为积极。(3)环境污染对环境关注的驱动作用在东部和中西部地区存在阶梯性差异,表现为中西部地区居民对环境问题更加关注和采取积极的私人环境行动,而东部地区居民则采取了更深层次的公共环境行动。此外,进一步的研究表明,较高的就业增长率能够缓和环境污染引致的公众尤其是低收入群体对政府环境工作的不满。

With four decades of rapid growth,the extensive model of economic growth has led to severe damage to the ecological environment. Ecological environment quality has become a prominent shortcoming on building moderately prosperous society. With the increasingly urgent need for environmental quality,public participation in environmental protection has become an important fulcrum to propel environmental protection into a higher and deeper level. In the face of increasingly severe environmental pollution,how does the public make environmental behavior decisions？ Does pollution exposure trigger changes in collective environmental cognition and behavior？ Obviously,answering these questions is of great practical significance in promoting positive public environmental actions and forming the joint force of the government,the enterprise and the public in environmental governance. Using CGSS（2013） matched with city level data,this paper investigates the effects of environmental pollution on public environmental concern from three aspects：the attention on environmental problems,environmental actions and evaluation for the environmental work of the government. The study firstly finds that pollution drives the public to care about the environmental problems,take individual environmental actions actively,and induce public dissatisfaction with the government＇s environment protection,but pollution has no significant influence on deeper public environment actions. Secondly,the environmental concern of different social groups presents differentiation characteristics. High income groups,men and urban residents haveshown higher enthusiasm in taking individual environmental actions,and urban residents are more discontented with the government. Thirdly,the effects of environmental pollution on environmental concern have reflected ladder-like differences between people in different regions,that is,the residents in the mid-west area concern more about environmental problems and like to take active private environmental actions,while the residents in the eastern region like to take deeper public environmental actions. Further research shows that the better the economic situation is,the more the low income group concerns about environmental problems,but the better employment situation can ease the public dissatisfaction with the government. Compared with the existing literature,the marginal contributions of this paper mainly reflect in the following aspects. Firstly,most existing studies focus on the social basis of environmental behavior from the fields of psychology and sociology,while ignoring the impact of macro environment and economic factors on individual environmental behaviors. Our work is helpful for us to understand the overall mechanism and the trend of public environmental decision-making. Secondly,this study compares the impact of environmental pollution on different types of environmental concern,ranging from shallow environmental concern to deep environmental actions. The heterogeneity of environmental concern in different social groups is also examined in our study. These give us more comprehensive interpretation of the relationship between environmental pollution and environmental concern. Thirdly,this paper sorts out the theoretical mechanism of environmental pollution affecting residents＇ environmental concern,and puts forward the personal decision-making mechanism from environmental attitudes to environmental actions,which provides a foundation for further theoretical analyses and interpretations. The research of this paper has strong political implications. Environmental pollution causes public concern about the collective rationality of environmental problems,but such collective rationality is hard to form in practical actions. Therefore,the government should guide and support the public to participate in positive environmental protection,refine the market and institute system for public participation in positive environmental protection,reduce the cost of public participation in environmental protection,and improve the acquisition of public participation in environmental protection.