治理网络视角下新兴技术治理困境和消解因素——来自中国转基因作物治理的经验

Difficulties and disintegration factors governance of emerging technologies from the perspective of governance network——Experience from China’s GM crop governance

新兴技术治理无法回避的是如何应对新兴技术的不确定性,既定的专家决策模式不仅难以应对新兴技术不确定性带来的社会问题,而且制定的新兴技术政策可能受到广泛社会公众的强烈质疑和争议。网络制度下,通过多元主体协商和互动制定的新兴技术政策消减新兴技术不确定性成为新兴技术治理的关键。研究将治理网络理论作为一个经验工具来分析中国转基因作物治理应对不确定性的政策博弈过程,研究结果表明政府、市场、社会公众之间经过协商和互动的治理行动是应对新兴技术不确定性的消解因素。研究启示是新兴技术政策制定需要社会价值前置,是过程导向治理的体现,也是社会公众权利的回归。

Governance of emerging technologies can not be avoided by how to deal with the uncertainty of emerging technologies.The established elite decision-making model not only can not deal with the social problems caused by the emerging technological uncertainty,but also has been strongly questioned by the broad public and controversy.Under the network system,the emerging technologies that are emerging through the negotiation and interaction of multiple actors to reduce the uncertainty of emerging technologies have become the key to governance of emerging technologies.The study uses the governance network theory as an empirical tool to analyze the policy game process of China＇s response to the uncertainty of genetically modified crops.The results show that the government,the market and the social civil through consultation and interaction are the response to the emerging technology uncertainty digestion factor.The research enlightenment is that the development of emerging technology policy needs social pre-value,which is the embodiment of process-oriented governance and the return of social public rights.