错位的历史:文本来源与叙述差异——以唐代妇女史研究为例

History Misplaced: Original Texts and Narrative Differences:A Case Study on Women's History in Tang Dynasty

传世文献与出土文献都是史学研究必须利用的最基本的文献。由于来源不同,对历史事件的记载也有所不同。以唐代妇女史资料为例,传世文献和出土文献关于唐代妇女尤其是姬侍婢妾群体的记载有着明显的不同。这种叙述差异的出现与文本来源和记录者有关,也与传世文献和出土文献所载妇女群体所属的社会分层有关,同时也与她们个体的生活经历和际遇有关。目前的妇女史研究,史料单一和研究手法单一的现象仍然较为普遍,研究的内容大多停留于复原而难以进入更深更广的层次,尚需要从整合史料和研究手法方面多下功夫。而从整个历史学研究来看,这种现象并不孤立。为了促进历史研究的科学性,采用多元的研究手法、综合多种资源,多方位多角度、客观全面地呈现历史的复杂性与多样性是非常必要的。

Transmitted documents and unearthed documents are the essential sources that have to be used in histori- cal studies. Because of their different origins, their records of historical events are also different. In the case of the re- sources about women＇ s history in Tang Dynasty, transmitted documents and unearthed documents appear to have very different records about the women in the Tang Dynasty, particularly the group of concubines. The narrative differences are related with the textual origins and the recorders, the social stratification of the women groups recorded in the trans- mitted and unearthed documents, and their life experiences and situations. In the study of women＇ s history at present, it is still common that both historical resources and research methods are uni-directional, that most research aims at repro- ducing the past in content. It is necessary to integrate various historical resources and research methods to conduct in- depth and broader studies about women＇ s history.