突破创新的“达尔文海”——基于深圳创新型城市建设的经验

Breaking through the Darwin-Sea of Innovation:Based on Shenzhen's Experiences in Developing the Innovative City

提高有效科技供给能力推动经济增长新旧动能转换和结构调整,是实施创新驱动发展战略引领现代化经济体系建设的根本途径。与要素驱动不同,创新驱动发展不仅涉及技术研发,而且涉及市场、组织和制度等因素。从基础研究到产品开发再到规模生产,创新充满不确定性,被喻为"达尔文海"。如何降低不确定性和增加有效科技供给,是创新型国家和城市建设的方向。深圳创新型城市建设的成功经验表明,培育促进多元创新主体相互联系和作用的创新生态系统,是突破创新的"达尔文海"效应和持续提升有效科技供给能力的关键。

The enhancement of the efficient technology supply ability, which will promote the economic growth by switching to the new drivers and changing the economic structure, is the fundamental approach to implementing the strat- egy of innovation-driven development and leading the development of the modem economic system. Different from the factor-driven development, the innovation-driven development not only involves the factor of research and development, but also other factors such as market, organization, institution, and so on. From the basic research to the product develop- ment then to the mass production, technology innovation is full of uncertainness, and this is called the Darwin-Sea. How to reduce the uncertainty and provide the efficient technology supply ability is the goal of developing the innovative na- tion and innovative city. The successful experiences of Shenzhen in developing the innovative city show that an innova- tive ecosystem, which fosters and promotes the interconnection and interaction between the diverse agents, is vital to break through the Darwin-Sea and enhance continually the efficient technology supply ability.