创新的复杂性:互动结构与政策系统

The Complexity of Innovations: Social Structure and Policy Systems

创新不仅是教育和研发投入的结果,更是多样化的异质性个体互动下的系统性涌现现象。理解创新涌现的基本框架是"异质性个体-社会系统-制度性特征-创造性决策"交互影响的结构体系。这一视角突破了传统的连续的、线性的、可预测的创新投入产出思维模式和商业逻辑。创新的涌现和扩散,以及创新生态系统的形成是创新个体互动的结果,同时也受历史性小事件、偶然性因素的影响。创新政策系统在引导和扶持创新活动时,应将创新的复杂性特征纳入考虑,并将政策作为一种重要的知识资源与其他创新资源进行互联并嵌入到创新活动过程中。

Innovation is not only a result of the investment in education and R＆D, but a systemic emergence of vari- ous interactions among heterogeneous individual agents. A framework for understanding innovation emergence could be an interdependence structural framework of ＂heterogeneous individuals-social, system- institutional and characteristics- creative decision making＂. This perspective may help us to break through the conventional modeling pattern and busi- ness logic for innovation under the continuous, liner and predictable assumption. The emergence and diffusion of innova- tion, and the formation of innovation ecosystem are results of the interactions among innovation agents, meanwhile they also are affected by historical small events and occasional factors. As leading and supporting innovation activities, inno- vation policies should take the complexity of innovation as an essential factor, and be embedded into innovation activi- ties as a type of specific innovation knowledge for connecting other innovation resources.