溯因≠溯因推理——如何化解溯因在创新性和逻辑性上的不兼容

Abduction Is Not Abductive Inference:How to Understand the Incompatibility Between Creative Thinking and Logical Inference

溯因被认为兼具创新性和逻辑性,但因两大特性难以兼容而成为争论焦点。通行的解决方案无法根本解决问题并招致了其它困难：将创新思维形式化以便将其纳入逻辑范畴,或彻底否认溯因的逻辑属性,只是从认识论角度对待溯因。若从以下观点出发,便可在充分尊重皮尔斯的前提之下,合理解决不兼容问题：溯因与溯因推理分别来自不同的概念领域,后者是前者的子集;属于溯因却不属于溯因推理的部分被称作溯因洞见。洞见具有创新性,而推理具有逻辑性。

Abduction is considered to be both innovative and logical,but has been criticized for the incompatibility of these attributes. Solutions to the imcompatibility are divided into two paths,i.e. formalizing innovative thinking in order to incorporate it into a logical category or to expand the intension of ＂inference＂to try to include innovative attributes. However,the above paths are all unsuccessful and even lead to other problems. After a detailed analysis of the above-mentioned approaches,this paper presents a new path,that is,abduction and abductive inference are from different concept areas,instead of being treated the same. The relationship is that abduction consists of abductive inference and abductive insight. The insight is innovative while the inference is logical. The incompatibility puzzle is thus reasonably figured out without violating Pierce＇s core ideas.