论中国古代艺术的南北差异

On the Differences of Ancient Chinese Arts Between the North and the South Regions

中国艺术南北地域风格的差异,是在南北气候的基础上形成的。南北地域的差异带来了物候的差异,也带来了人的气质和性情的差异,进而形成了艺术作品的不同风格,包括音乐和文学作品在音律方面的差异等。这主要表现在南虚北实、南文北质、南韵北骨和南秀北雄等方面。随着社会的发展,尤其是因战争和政权的更迭,统治阶级的倡导,以及南北文化之间的不断交流,南北艺术风格之间也互相取长补短,常常体现出融合的特点,但是南北艺术风格的差异依然长期存在和持续,这也是中国艺术多元性特征的体现。只是,需要指出的是,中国古代绘画、书法和文学中的所谓南北宗,受禅宗影响,涉及到思维的渐顿、庙堂与山林的差别等问题,与南北地域风格不是一回事。

The Chinese arts＇ differences in the regional style of the North and the South are formed on the basis of the North-South climate. While the differences between the North and the South have brought about differences in phenology and those in people＇s temperament and disposition,which has further led to the formation of different styles of works of art,including differences in music and literary works in term of the rhythms,and so on. This is mainly manifested in the area of the Northern reality and Southern fiction,Northern simplicity and Southern embellishment,Northern character and Southern rhythm,and Northern sturdiness and Southern elegance. With the development of society,especially due to the changes in wars and regimes,the advocacy of the ruling class,and the constant exchanges between the North and South cultures,the North-South art styles also complement each other and often reflect the characteristics of integration,but the differences between the North and South art styles will still exist and persist for a very long time. This is also a manifestation of the diversity of Chinese arts. The so-called Northern and Southern sects in ancient Chinese painting,calligraphy and literature were affected by Zen Buddhism and involved issues such as the gradual enlightenment of the mind,the difference between the imperial court and the mountains,which is not the same as the NorthSouth regional style.