北方部队不同地域自备水源健康风险评价

Health Risk Assessment of Self-supplied Underground Water for North China Army

目的比较不同地域部队自备水源健康风险及其来源,为水质改善提供科学依据。方法依据GB/T5750—2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法》对驻内蒙及北京部队223个自备饮用水水源水质状况进行检测。采用美国环保署(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型,计算氟化物、硝酸盐等2种无机非金属指标和砷、镉、铅、汞、铁、锰、铜、锌、硒等9种金属元素经饮水途径所引起的非致癌风险和致癌风险,分析风险来源,提出针对性风险管理措施。结果驻蒙部队自备水源氟化物、硝酸盐超标情况较为普遍,部分地区存在砷、锰、铁超标情况。驻京部队自备水源超标项目集中在硝酸盐、铁、锰。健康风险评价:驻蒙部队自备水源非致癌风险为151.86×10^(-9)/年(95%CI:135.08×10^(-9)/年～182.22×10^(-9)/年),驻京部队自备水源非致癌风险为81. 45×10^(-9)/年(95%CI:78. 42×10^(-9)/年～84. 48×10^(-9)/年),二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中驻蒙部队砷和氟化物引起的健康风险高于驻京部队(P<0.05),驻京部队铜、锌引起的健康风险高于驻蒙部队(P<0.05)。驻蒙部队11种化学物质通过饮水途径健康危害的个人年风险贡献从大到小依次为砷>氟化物>锰>硝酸盐>铅>汞>铁>镉>铜>硒>锌。驻京部队11种化学物质饮水途径健康危害的个人年风险贡献从大到小依次为砷>锌>锰>铜>铁>氟化物>镉>汞>硝酸盐>铅>硒;驻蒙部队自备水源致癌风险为21.95×10^(-6)/年(95%CI:12.81×10^(-6)/年～31.10×10^(-6)/年),驻京部队自备水源致癌风险为7.54×10^(-6)/年(95%CI:5.21×10^(-6)/年～9.90×10^(-6)/年),二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应根据部队自备水源健康风险来源及其大小,采取针对性水源治理措施。

Objective To compare the causes of health risks to self-supplied underground water used by troops in different regions and to contribute to improving the quality of water used by troops. Methods The concentrations of two inorganic non-metallic indexes （fluorides and nitrate）and nine metal indexes （As,Cd,Pb,Hg,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn and Se） in self-supplied drinking water from underground sources that was used by North China Army were measured according to GB/ T 5750-2006 （StandardTest Methods for Drinking Water ） based on a total of 223 samples. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks posed by drinking water were analyzed and assessed using the USEPA health risk assessment model. Results The total non-carcinogenic riskposed by the underground water used by troops stationed in Beijing was significantly lower than that in Inner Mongolia （81. 45×10-9/ a and 151. 86×10-9/ a（P〈0. 05）, so was the carcinogenic risk （21. 95×10-6/ a and 7. 54×10-6/ a） （P〈0. 05）. The biggest risk to human health associated with drinking water used in Beijing came from As, followed by Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, fluorides,Cd, Hg, nitrate, Pb andSe, compared to As, fluorides, Mn, nitrate, Pb, Hg, Fe, Cd, Cu,Zn and Se in Inner Mongolia. Conclusion Targeted water management measures should be taken according to the results of the health risk assessment of water sources.