中国对其他金砖国家农产品出口贸易竞争力研究

Study on China's Competitiveness in Agricultural Products Export Trade to Other BRICs Countries

基于2000—2016年中国向其他金砖国家出口农产品的数据,通过引入贸易竞争力(TC)指数、显示性比较优势(RCA)指数、附加显示性比较优势(ARCA)指数,探索影响中国与其他金砖国家之间农产品出口增长的因素,结果显示:整体而言,中国对其他金砖国家农产品出口不具备明显的竞争优势,对巴西和印度的农产品贸易甚至处于竞争劣势;从农产品内部结构来看,中国与金砖国家各自具有比较优势的农产品重叠度不高、种类差别较大。中、印两国在劳动密集型农产品方面竞争优势较为明显,巴西、南非的竞争优势则重点集中于土地密集型农产品,而俄罗斯则在林产品方面拥有一定的比较优势。因此,应加强中国与其他金砖国家之间具有比较优势农产品贸易,加快推进金砖国家自由贸易区建设,培育科技创新型农产品出口竞争力,以农产品标准化建设提高出口竞争力,加快发展规模化、集约化的现代农业。

Based on the data of China＇s agricultural products export to other BRICs countries in 2000-2016, factors affecting the growth of agricultural exports between China and other BRICs countries are explored by introducing the TC index, the RAC index and the commercial gravity model. It is found that： the overall competitive advantage of China is not obvious, and that to Brazil and India is even competitive disadvantage; and from the internal structure of agricultural products, the overlapping degree of comparative advantages of China and other BRICs are not high. The competitive advantages of China and India in labor- intensive agricultural products are obvious; the competitive advantages of Brazil and South Africa are focus on land-intensive agricultural products; while Russia has the comparative advantage in forest products. So we should promote trade of agricultural products with comparative advantages, accelerate the construction of Free Trade Zone in BRICs countries, cultivate the core competitiveness of agriculture based on scientific and technological innovation, improve the export competitiveness with the standardization of agricultural products, and accelerate the development of large scale, intensified modern agricultural industry.