少数民族地区护士职业倦怠、应对方式和总体幸福感调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Job Burnout, Coping Style and General Well-being of Nurses in Ethnic Minority Areas

目的:了解少数民族地区护士职业倦怠现状、应对方式和总体幸福感,为预防和降低少数民族地区护士群体的职业倦怠提供依据。方法:采用方便抽样,应用Maslach工作倦怠量表、简易应对方式问卷和总体幸福感量表对大理州多家医院592名护士进行调查。结果:(1)以(临界值+因子数)为判断标准,大理州护士职业倦怠程度低于杭州及新疆护士常模。(2)民族在去人格化维度存在差异。(3)情感衰竭与总体幸福感呈负相关,与消极应对呈正相关;去人格化与总体幸福感、积极应对呈负相关,与消极应对呈正相关;个人成就感与积极应对呈正相关,与消极应对呈负相关。结论:降低护士情感衰竭及去人格化,提高个人成就感的干预措施将是提高少数民族地区护士幸福感的有效途径之一。

Objective： To understand the status of job burnout, coping style and general well-being of nurses in ethnic minority areas, and to provide the basis for the prevention and reduction of job burnout among minority districts nurses. Methods： 592 nurses in Dali prefecture were surveyed by the use of Maslach Burnout Inventing, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and General Well-being Schedule. Results： （1） Based on the standards of critical value and component number, the degree of nurse job burnout was lower in Dali than in Hangzhou and Xinjiang. （2） There were differences in the depersonalization among different ethnic groups. （3） Emotional exhaustion was negatively correlated with general well-being, and positively correlated with negative coping; depersonalization was negatively correlated with general well-being and positive coping, and positively correlated with negative coping; personal accomplishment was positively correlated with positive coping and negatively related to negative coping. Conclusion： It is an effective way to improve the general well-being of nurses in ethnic minority areas by reducing the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and improving the personal accomplishments.