组织支配与组织犯的归责基础

The Imputation Basis of Organizational Domination and Organizational Criminal

在一个高度组织化的社会中,出现了利用组织运作参与和实施的新型犯罪即组织犯罪。组织犯对刑法教义学传统的个体归责模式提出严峻挑战。组织归责不是建立在对具体实行人的支配上,而是建立在透过组织运作对整体犯罪因果流程的掌控上。关于组织犯归责形式,间接正犯说、教唆犯说、共同正犯说之间展开了激烈的争论,最终建立在组织支配理论基础上的间接正犯说赢得多数学者的支持。针对组织支配的成立条件,学者提出了诸多商榷意见。总体来说,以"组织中下令者的权限""组织逸脱法律运作""具体实行人可替代性"与"组织特殊的犯罪准备"为基本内容的四要件说是合理的。

In a highly organized society, a new type of crime, which uses organizational operation to comm ira crime. It is named organized crime. The emergence of organized crime poses serious challenges to the traditional individualmode in the dogmatic of crim inal law. 0 rganizational imputation is not based on the control of the specific perpetraor, buton the control of the overall crime facts through the organization. As for the imputation form of the organizer in organized crime, there is a violentcontroversy among indirect principal theory , instigator theory, and co principal theory . The indirectprincipal theory based on the theory of organizational dora ination has won the support of most different. For the conditions of the establishm ent of organizational dora ination, academ tics have raised many objections or supplemontary opinions. Generally speaking, the theory of ＂Four Essentials＂ with the basic contents of ＂the authority of the organizer in the organization＂,＂the operation of the organization to escape the law＂,＂the replaceability of the specific perpetrator＂ and ＂the special preparation for crim e of the organ ization＂ is rational.