论价值哲学研究的两种基本取向

价值哲学研究的取向,不仅指价值哲学研究者的旨趣和在研究过程中所关注的重点,更指把什么主体的需要看作终极价值的源泉和尺度,以哪一种价值主体所追求的价值为价值的基点和目的,一言以蔽之,即是指以什么样的主体所追求的价值作为价值的本位。自古以来的价值哲学研究,虽然研究者的观点人各不同,但存在两种基本不同的取向,即整体取向和个人取向。

From ancient time,especially modern time,the research on value philosophy has two totally different orientations,which are individual- orientation ＂ and community-orientation＂.Both hold different opinions toward the following issues：whether the value agent should be the community or the individual,whether the value origin should be the need of the community or the need of the individual,whether the essence of value is to be beneficial to the community or the individual,and whether society should exert influence over its members or not.The focus of the difference is whether the individual or the community should be taken as the standard of value.The thinkers with individual-orientation hold that the standard of value should be the individual,while those with community-orientation hold that community should be the standard of value.In fact,the standard of value is the community as well as the individual Consequently,the research orientation of value philosophy should be adjusted from individual-community orientation to poly-orientation.