黄河及其主要支流的河源界定

Delimitation of the Sources of the Yellow River and Its Main Tributaries

关于河源的确定,目前国内外尚无明确的标准。从自然地理特征、水文特征和人文传承特征诸方面,对河源区干流的定义进行了较为全面、详细的论述,提出了确定河源的方法和原则,即:(1)以最长的一条作为干流;(2)以集水面积最大的一条作为干流;(3)若长度和面积均大体接近,则以水量明显大的一条为干流;(4)各支流长度、面积、水量相近时,取河道宽广、顺直、比降小、岔口以上支流和主河道自然延伸线夹角最小的一条为干流;(5)充分考虑当地的历史文化、尊重历史传统及沿袭的名称。基于该原则,在充分考虑河长、面积、水量、历史文化等众多因素的基础上,对备受关注、颇具争议的黄河河源,从国家级层面确定为约古宗列曲。此外,对黄河主要支流的河源也进行了客观、合理的界定。

There is no clear standard for the determination of the river source at home and abroad.The definition of river source was discussedcomprehensively and detailedly from the aspects of natural geographical features, hydrological characteristics and human inheritance charac-teristics. The method and principle of determining river source were put forward, that was, a） the longest one was taken as the main stream;b） the largest area one was taken as the main stream; c） the quantity of water was taken as the main stream if the length and area were ap-proximate; d） when the length, area and water volume of each branch were similar, the main stream was the one with the widest, straight,small gradient and the smallest angle between the branch above the fork and the natural extension line of the main river and; e） fully consid-ered the local history and culture and respected historical traditions and inherited names. Based on this principle, the source of the YellowRiver, which had attracted much attention and controversial, was determined to be Yueguzonglie River at the national level on the basis offully considering the river length, area, water volume, history and culture. In addition, the river sources of main tributaries also made an ob-jective and reasonable conclusion.