赤霉素与钾肥互作对烤烟生理指标及上部叶化学成分的影响

Effects of Interaction Between Gibberellin and Potassium on Physiological Indexes and Chemical Components of Upper Leaves in Flue-cured Tobacco

为探究赤霉素与钾肥互作对烤烟烟叶生理及上部叶化学成分的影响,本研究以云烟87为试验材料,于打顶当天叶面喷施赤霉素(GA_3)并根部追施钾肥,分析不同配比用量的赤霉素与钾肥互作对烤烟上部叶叶面积、烟叶抗氧化酶活性、碳氮代谢酶活性及上部叶化学成分的影响。结果表明,赤霉素与钾肥互作可显著促进上部叶片的开片,与钾肥相比,赤霉素作用效果更为明显。赤霉素与钾肥互作处理下超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性随着生育期延长变化基本一致均显著高于CK,表明两者互作有效增强了烟叶抗逆和抗衰老能力,促进了烟叶生长和成熟。赤霉素与钾肥互作下烟叶碳氮代谢酶活性始终高于CK,且在不同时期酶活变化一致,说明两者交互处理能增强烟株的碳氮代谢强度,有利于烟叶内在品质生成。赤霉素与钾肥互作能够不同程度地提高烟叶钾含量、钾氯比,降低烟碱和氯含量,协调各化学成分,改善烟叶品质。与较低水平的赤霉素与钾肥互作处理相比,较高水平的互作处理对烟叶抗氧化酶活性及品质的影响更为明显,其中以20 mg·kg^(-1)GA_3+10 kg K_2SO_4·666.7m^(-2)处理对叶片开片、抗氧化酶和碳氮代谢酶活性的提高及烟叶品质的改善效果最好。本研究为优质烤烟上部叶生产及其调控工作提供了理论依据。

In order to explore the effects of interaction between gibberellin and potassium on physiological indexes and chemical components of upper leaves in flue-cured tobacco,the tobacco leaves were sprayed gibberellin and top dressed potassium on the day of topping,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of interaction of gibberellin and potassium on the leaf area,antioxidant enzymes activity,carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes activity and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the interaction between gibberellin and potassium could significantly promote the development of the upper leaves,and the effect of gibberellin was more obvious compared with potassium. The activity of SOD and POD in different treatments was basically the same with the extension of the growth period. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was significantly higher than CK,which indicated that the interaction between the gibberellin and potassium was effective to enhance the resistance and anti-aging ability. It was beneficial to the better growth and maturity of tobacco leaves. The activity of carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes in tobacco leaves was always higher than CK. The changes of enzymes activity were consistent at different periods,which indicated that the interaction between them could enhance the carbon and nitrogen metabolism intensity and conduct the generation of tobacco inner quality. The interaction between gibberellin and potassium could increase the potassium content,potassium and chlorine ratio and reduce the nicotine,chlorine content,which coordinated the chemical composition and improved the quality of tobacco leaves. Compared with the lower level of gibberellin-potassium interaction,the interaction of higher level had more significant effect on the physiological activity and quality of tobacco. The effect of T4（ 20 mg·kg^-1 GA3＋ 10 kg K2 SO4·666. 7 m^-2） on the development of leaf,antioxidant enzymes,carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes and the improvement of tobacco leaf quality were the best. The results provided a theoretical basis for the production and regulation of the upper leaves of high quality flue-cured tobacco.