2016年石家庄市农村环境卫生现状调查

Investigation on environmental hygiene in rural areas of Shijiazhuang in 2016

目的调查分析2016年石家庄市农村环境卫生现状,为改善农村环境提供科学依据。方法通过查阅资料、访谈、现场观察、实验室检测等方法获得监测数据,对正定县、栾城县、赞皇县、无极县、藁城市、鹿泉市6个项目县进行调查。结果监测村有63.3%的垃圾处理方式选择填埋;生活污水排放方式主要是暗沟排放(50.9%);卫生户厕占总户数的74.7%,6个县卫生厕所覆盖率分别为98.3%、72.2%、33.5%、69.3%、75.6%、89.5%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=144 554,P<0.05);11.3%调查户中发现鼠迹,50.0%户中有苍蝇;6个县农村教室人均面积合格率分别为60.0%、88.9%、43.3%、25.0%、55.0%、61.7%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=51.9,P<0.05),教室内有两种不同高低型号或可调式课桌椅的合格率只有16.7%;土壤p H均值为8.0;镉超标率为6.7%;土壤样品蛔虫卵检出率为30.0%,检出活卵7个。结论石家庄市农村环境卫生监测点垃圾及污水处理方式等仍需改善。

Objective To investigate and analyze the current situation of rural environmental sanitation in Shijiazhuang in 2016,and to provide scientific basis for improving rural environment. Methods Investigations were conducted in 6 project counties（ Luquan,Zhengding,Gaocheng,Luancheng,Zanhuang,Wuji） according to the monitoring data obtained through to information,interviews,field observation,laboratory testing and other methods. Results There were 63. 3% waste disposal methods in the monitoring village; domestic wastewater discharge was the main discharge ditch（ 50. 9%）; sanitary latrines accounted for74. 7% of the total number of households,and the coverage rate of sanitary latrines in 6 counties was statistically different（ 98. 3%,72. 2%,33. 5%,69. 3%,75. 6%,89. 5%,χ^2= 144 554,P〈0. 05）. 11. 3% of the surveyed households found that there were flies in 50. 0% households,and there was a statistically significant difference in the per capita area qualified rate of rural areas in 6 counties（ 60. 0%,88. 9%,43. 3%,25. 0%,55. 0%,61. 7%,χ^2= 51. 9,P〈0. 05）. There were 2 different types of desks and chairs in the classroom,and the pass rate was only 16. 7%. The soil p H average value was 7. 96,and the cadmium exceeding standard rate was 6. 7%; the detection rate of Ascaris eggs in soil samples was 30. 0%,and 7 live eggs were detected. Conclusion Garbage and sewage treatment in rural monitoring stations in Shijiazhuang have been improved,and vector control needs to be further strengthened.