河北省平泉市城乡居民传染病知-信-行现况调查

Investigation on the status of knowledge,attitude and practise of infectious diseases among urban and rural residents in Pingquan City of Hebei Province

目的了解平泉市城乡居民传染病知识和行为形成,为城乡不同人群开展针对性健康教育和健康促进。方法采取多阶段随机抽样方法对平泉市平泉镇3个街道和1个城乡结合部村15～65岁组600人进行传染病知识和行为调查。结果 6类人群传染病知识知晓率平均80.64%,各类人群差异有统计学意义(f=31.56,α=0.05),健康行为形成率平均80.85%,其中机关单位人员与在校学生的基本卫生知识综合知晓率较高,其他各类人员两两之间比较,经q检验差异均有统计学意义。基本知识和理念方面知晓率在校学生最高(89.14%),流动人员最低(68.61%),差异有统计学意义(f=22.54,P=0.05),各类人群两两比较,差异均有统计学意义。在健康生活方式与行为方面知晓率,机关单位人员最高(90.06%),流动人员最低(72.67%),差异有统计学意义(f=32.9,P=0.05)。基本技能知晓率机关单位人员最高(88.50%),流动人员最低(69.27%),q检验两两之间差异有统计学意义(f=20.3,P=0.05)。平泉镇城乡居民健康行为形成率综合为80.85%,在600名调查者中,勤洗手、常洗澡、不共用毛巾和洗漱用具的455人,占75.83%;咳嗽、打喷嚏时能将口鼻掩住,不随地吐痰的523人,占87.17%;坚持每次便后饭前洗手的512人,占85.33%;在日常生活时家里菜刀以及砧板生熟分开的419人,占69.83%;每天做到早晚刷牙的456人,占76.00%。不加工不食用病死禽畜100.00%,差异有统计学意义(f=33.5,P=0.05)。结论流动人员及城乡结合部农业户籍人员传染病知识和行为形成率较低,应采取适宜的宣传方式对这两类重点人群进行健康知识宣传。

Objective To understand the formation of knowledge and behaviors of infectious diseases in urban and rural residents in Pingquan City,and carry out targeted health education and health promotion for different populations in urban and rural areas. Methods A multi-stage random sampling method was adopted to investigate the knowledge and behavior of the epidemic about 600 people in the 15 to 65-year-old group in 3 streets and 1 in the urban-rural junction village in Pingquan City. Results The average rate of knowledge of infectious diseases in 6 categories was 80. 64%. There was a statistically significant difference among all groups（ f = 31. 56,α = 0. 05）. The average rate of health behavior formation was 80. 85%,and the basic health knowledge of government departments and school students. The comprehensive awareness rate was higher,and the comparison between other types of personnel was statistically significant by q test. The rate of knowledge of basic knowledge and concepts was highest among students（ 89. 14%）,and that of mobile workers was lowest（ 68. 61%）. The difference was statistically significant（ f = 22. 54,P = 0. 05）. All types of people were compared and the differences were statistically significant. The rate of awareness of healthy lifestyles and behaviors was the highest in organs and institutions（ 90. 06%） and lowest in floating population（ 72. 67%）. The difference was statistically significant（ f = 32. 9,P = 0. 05）. The awareness rate of basic skills was highest among personnel in the agency（ 88. 50%）,lowest in floating population（ 69. 27%）,and there was a statistically significant difference between the two tests（ f = 20. 3, P = 0. 05）. The health behavior formation rate of urban and rural residents in Pingquan Town was 80. 85%. Among the 600 surveyors,455 people washed their hands,often took a shower,and did not share towels and toiletries,accounting for 75. 83%; 523 people covered their nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing and lived without spitting,accounting for 87. 17%; 512 people insisted on washing their hands before eating every meal,accounting for85. 33%; 419 people had their kitchen knife and chopping board raw and cooked separately in daily life, accounting for69. 83%; 456 people brushed their teeth daily sooner or later,accounting for 76. 00%; none of them eat or process dead and non-edible animals. The difference was statistically significant（ f = 33. 5,P = 0. 05）. Conclusion There is a relatively low rate of knowledge of infectious diseases and the formation rate of infectious diseases among migrants and urban-rural residents,and appropriate publicity methods should be used to promote health knowledge among these two types of key populations.