一种基于生态系统的番茄—鱼绿色高效种养模式

A Green Efficient Planting and Raising Mode of Tomato–fish Based on Ecosystem

为了突破农业生产模式单一的制约,克服重茬连作给土壤、生态及作物产量造成的影响,在研究分析了传统的蔬菜—水产共生系统的利弊之后,总结出了生态番茄—鱼绿色高效种养模式。通过以高畦为圃、以沟渠为塘构建出番茄—鱼互补共生的生态系统,使蔬菜—养鱼、水生—旱作实现了有机结合及高效生产;经过品种选择、渠畦整理、滴灌补水、搭架遮阴、适时采收及鱼种混养、排灌晒田、精确投饵、捕大放小等技术的应用,使每个生长季667 m2番茄—禾花鱼种养综合效益在9 500~10 500元,且番茄、禾花鱼品质皆得到改善。对比常规番茄种植田,虽然种植面积减少了10%~15%,但总收入却增加了10%~15%,综合生产效益得到了明显的提升。

In order to break through the restriction of single agricultural production mode and overcome the influence of continuous cropping on soil, ecology and crop yield, a green and efficient breeding mode of ecology tomato–fish was summarized after studying and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional vegetable–aquatic symbiosis system. The ecosystem of tomato–fish symbiosis was structured by taking the border as the nursery and taking the ditch as the pond, which made it come true that vegetable–fish and aquatic–dry farming combined and got high efficient production. After the application of technologies which contained the selection of cultivars, ditch patching, drip irrigation and water filling, shelter and shade, timely harvesting and fish stock mixing, drainage, irrigation and drying, precise baiting, and fishing, the comprehensive benefit of the production of tomato–salmon per 667 m^2 growing season was 9 500- 10 500 yuan. In addition, the quality of tomatoes and salmon had been improved. Compared with the conventional cropping field of tomato, although the planting area had been reduced by 10%-15%, the total income had increased by 10%-15%, and the overall production efficiency had been significantly improved.