贸易自由化、市场化改革与企业间加成率分布

Trade Liberalization,Marketization Reform and Inter-enterprise Markup Dispersion

加成率分布是衡量资源配置效率的重要指标。贸易自由化引致的竞争效应迫使国内低效率企业退出,从而导致加成率分布离散度降低,改善了资源配置效率。上述作用机制的前提是完善的市场机制。文章考察了贸易自由化与市场化改革的交叉作用对制造业企业间加成率分布的影响。结果表明:中国企业间加成率分布离散度下降;贸易自由化与市场化改革均降低了企业间加成率分布离散度,二者的交叉项也显著为负,表明贸易自由化引致的竞争效应在市场化水平高的地区更为显著;最后,机制检验部分证实了贸易自由化通过影响边际成本分布和价格分布作用于加成率分布。

The markup dispersion is an important index to measure allocative efficiency of resources. The competitive effect caused by trade liberalization forces domestic inefficient enterprises to withdraw. It leads to the decrease of markup dispersion and the improvement of allocative efficiency of resources. However, the above mechanism works only in the perfect market mechanism. This paper investigates the interaction effect of trade liberalization and marketization reform on markup dispersion among manufacturing enterprises. The results show that markup dispersion among Chinese enterprises declines. Trade liberalization and marketization reform reduce the inter-enterprise markup dispersion and their interaction term is negative, which means the competitive effect caused by trade liberalization is more significant in areas with high level of marketization. Furthermore, the mechanism test confirms that trade liberalization acts on markup dispersion by affecting marginal cost distribution and price distribution.