摘要
依据海洋规则维系海洋秩序,包括合理地开发和利用海洋的空间和资源,是国际社会的普遍要求。现代海洋法体系中的《联合国海洋法公约》在体系上具有全面性和综合性,是必须维系和遵循的重要海洋法规则。本文结合《联合国海洋法公约》体系的发展阶段,并在分析其主要内容、核心原则后,阐述了中国主要依据《联合国海洋公约》体系所蕴含的原则和精神在国内海洋法的制定和完善过程中的具体实践,指出了我国在海洋法制度中存在的问题和面临的挑战,强调了我国应结合《联合国海洋法公约》体系的发展特点和趋势并联系其他国家实践经验,进一步丰富和完善国内海洋法制的重要性,尤其指出了新时代我国应在维系和构筑海洋秩序、制定和实施海洋规则中实现角色和定位的转换。这种转换角色具有艰巨性和困难性,要实现这些目标,必须强化国内海洋体制机制建设,这是我国建设海洋强国、综合管理海洋事务的重要保障和必由之路。
It is a general requirement in the international community that the ocean order shall be maintained according to ocean rules, which includes that the ocean space and resources shall be reasonably exploited and utilized according to ocean rules. The systematic wholeness and comprehensiveness of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in the modern system of the law of the sea is an important rule of the ocean law which shall be maintained and observed. Therefore, this paper introduces the development phases of the system of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, analyzes their main contents and core principles, then expounds China＇s specific practices in formation and improvement of domestic law of the sea mainly according to the principles and spirits contained in the system of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, points out existing problems and challenges in China＇s system of the law of the sea, emphasizes that China shah combine the development characteristics and trends of the system of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and draw lessons from practical experiences of other countries to further enrich and improve the domestic legal system on the sea, especially put forwards that China shall realize the change in the role and orientation during its maintenance and construction of ocean order and formulation and implementation of rules, although such change of role is difficult and hard. To achieve these goals, China must enhance the construction of a domestic ocean system because it is an important guarantee for and an unavoidable path of building an ocean power and comprehensively managing marine issues.
基金
a phased research result of a major project of China Association of Marine Affairs and Academy of Ocean of China, entitled Research into the Marine Exploitation and Utilization System under the Framework of the Law of the Sea (CAMAZDA201701)
a general project of Shanghai Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science,entitled Marine Policies and Legal System in the New China: Review and Prospect (2017BHB005)
