包头市室内环境与儿童普通感冒的相关性

Relationship between indoor environment and children's common cold in Baotou, Inner Mongolia

为探讨包头市学龄前儿童普通感冒的患病率及其与现代住宅室内环境因素间的相关性, 2014年3~7月在包头市随机选取了37所幼儿园的4907名3~7岁儿童进行了一项横断面调研.结果显示,被调查儿童1年内经常患普通感冒(次数大于5次)的比例为4.8%,有过长时间感冒(1次感冒持续时间大于2周)的比例为6.1%.与低年龄段儿童(3~5岁)相比,高年龄段儿童(6~7岁)1年内患普通感冒次数大于5次的比例降低,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).家庭成员有过敏史的儿童1年内患普通感冒次数大于5次和1次患普通感冒持续时间大于2周的频率较高,具有显著性差异(P<0.001).通过卡方检验及多元logistics回归方法分析发现:有家庭成员过敏史、室内有凝结水现象(表明通风量较低)出现都会导致学龄前儿童患普通感冒的次数和患病持续时间增加的风险;经常晒被褥则是儿童普通感冒的保护因素.本研究表明包头市现代住宅室内环境因素及生活方式与儿童普通感冒的患病率和持续时间均存在显著相关性.

The common cold is the most common disease in children and is associated with viruses, bacterial infections and low immunity in children. As a susceptible population, children are very sensitive to the common cold. The survey shows that children have an average of 6-8 times a year, usually lasting 7 to 15 days. However, there are few studies in this area in China. This paper discusses the relationship between the indoor environment in Baotou City and the preschool children＇s cold. This study is part of the China, Children, Homes, Health（CCHH） program, which aims to identify indoor risk factors associated with asthma and allergies in children. From March to July 2014, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 4709 children aged 3-7 years（74.0% response rate） randomly selected from 37 kindergartens in Baotou City. We found that a total of 4.8% had a high frequency（5 colds per year） and 6.1% had long duration（≥2 weeks） of common cold in Baotou. A Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis of common cold-related risk factors. A P-value 0.05 was considered as significant. All statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 20.0. Low age children had more common cold than high age children（P0.05）. Children who received antibiotics and had a family history of allergies had more colds and longer durations（P0.001）. We analyzed the association between indoor exposure and the common cold. These associations were performed by multiple logistic regression after adjusting for six covariates, including gender, age, family allergy history, breastfeeding, birth patterns, and smoking environment. Odds ratios（ORs） with 95% confidence interval（95% CI） were calculated for the logistic regression models. Family allergy history and exposure to condensation were associated with frequent common cold and long duration of common cold. However, bedding that is often exposed to sunlight is negatively correlated with frequent colds（aOR, 95% CI： 0.67, 0.58 to 0.79） and prolonged colds（aOR, 95% CI： 0.59, 0.40 to 0.87）. Family history of allergies and contact condensation may be a risk factor for the common cold, and exposure to bedding from the sun may be a protective factor. This study shows that in Baotou, the indoor environment and lifestyle of modern apartments are related to the frequency of the common cold in children and the duration of the cold. To prevent a child from catching a cold, it is important to reduce signs of moisture and often expose the bedding to the sun. Further follow-up studies of indoor environment could verify more about the influence of environmental exposure on the children＇s health.