上尿路结石患者疾病知识需求调查及问题式健康教育的应用

Investigation of disease knowledge needs of upper urinary stone patients and application of question-like health education

目的分析上尿路结石患者对疾病知识教育的需求，采用问题式健康教育对其予以干预，观察护理效果。方法选取上尿路结石患者90例，利用自制问卷调查表分析患者对疾病知识需求情况，并随机分为观察组和对照组各45例。对照组采用常规健康教育，观察组采用问题式健康教育，比较两组干预前后上尿路结石知识掌握情况及自我护理能力。结果有98．89％患者想掌握尿路结石治疗方法，有95．56％患者想了解临床症状，有94．44％患者想明确发病原因；就疾病知识获取途径而言，有60．00％患者希望获得医护人员指导。干预后3个月，观察组的上尿路感染危险因素、预防方法评分，以及自护概念、自护技能与自护责任感评分均高于对照组，组间比较差异有统计学意义（均P〈O．05）。结论上尿路结石患者普遍对健康教育有需求，利用问题式健康教育对其进行护理干预，能增强患者对疾病知识掌握程度，从而提升自护能力，值得临床推广应用。

Objective To analyze the demand of upper urinary stone patients for disease knowledge educa-tion. Question-like health education was used to intervene and observe the nursing effect. Methods A total of 90 pa-tients with upper urinary stones were selected to analyze the disease knowledge needs of the patients with self-made ques-tionnaire, and were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 45 cases of each group. The control group was treated with conventional healthy education, while the observation group was treated with question-like health-y education. The knowledge and self-nursing ability of upper urinary stones before and after the intervention were com-pared between the two groups.Results A total of 98.89% of patients wanted to master the treatment method for urinary calculi, 95.56% wanted to understand the clinical symptoms, and 94.44% wanted to know the cause of the disease. In terms of the access to disease knowledge, 60.00% of patients want to be directed by medical staff. 3 months after the intervention, the risk factors of upper urinary tract infection, the score of prevention method, the score of self-care concept, self-care skills and self-care responsibility of the observation group were all higher than those of the control group, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant （P〈0.05） . Conclusions Patients with up-per urinary calculi generally have a need for healthy education, and use question-style healthy education for nursing in-tervention, which can enhance the patient＇s mastery of disease knowledge and thereby improve self-care ability. It is worthy of clinical promotion.