再议马歇尔调处与国共东北停战

The Restudy on Marshall's Mediation and the Armistice in Northeastern China Between the Kuomintang and the CPC

关于1946年夏季国共东北停战原因的研究,目前争论较多,分歧较大。本文认为:在国民党军队刚占领四平街时,蒋介石并未计划继续进攻,国民党、中共、美国军调小组三方皆有意停止冲突;但蒋介石到沈阳后,突然改变主意,其主要原因是看到苏联军队已经撤出东北。这时,马歇尔出于美国战略利益的考量,特别是对于苏联的顾虑,强压蒋介石停战;周恩来则积极争取马歇尔等人的支持,极力促成停战。最后,蒋介石在美国威胁停止替其向东北运兵的情况下被迫同意停战。因此说,在关于东北的战略计划上,国民党政府只能听命于美国对于国共在南满和北满的安排意见,而美国对中国东北的战略构想,则完全服从其对苏联的战略考虑。

There are many controversies and divergences in the studies on the causes of the cease-fire in North- eastern China between the Kuomintang and the CPC. This paper detailedly analyzes the process of the cease-fire in Northeastern China, and points out that when the Kuomintang army just occupied Siping, Chiang kai-shek did not plan to continue the attack, and the Kuomintang, the CPC and the American Mediation Group were all willing to end the conflict. However, Chiang kai-shek suddenly changed his idea when he arrived at Shenyang, and the main reason was the Soviet Union＇ s army withdrew from the Northeast. In consideration of America＇ s strategic benefit, and especially in consideration of the soviet union. Marshall forced Chiang kai-shek to cease fire. Zhou Enlai strived for Marshall＇s support to try to accomplish the armistice. Under the situation that America threatened to stop transporting the soldiers to the Northeast for the Kuomintang, Chiang kai-shek was finally forced to agree to the armistice. Therefore, in the Northeast strategy, the Kuomintang government had to be subject to America＇ s arrangement on the Kuomintang and the CPC in the North Manchu area and South Manchu area, while America＇ s strategic plan on Northeastern China was completely in accordance of its strategy to the Soviet Union.