海昏侯墓“神兽玉饰”浅释

江西南昌西汉海昏侯墓出土有一件神兽玉饰,这一神兽形象以往多见于东汉至隋唐石刻雕塑中,海昏侯墓神兽玉饰将这一图像的出现时间推前至西汉中晚期,关于这一神兽的确切名称与源流,学界有"畏兽"、"乌获"、"方相氏"等多种说法。笔者试以海昏侯墓出土的神兽玉饰为切入点,探求这一形象的来源与演变,通过上溯源流,为神兽定性、定名。

There is a jade ornament of Marquis of Haihun＇s tomb, which is seen in stone sculptures from the eastern han dynasty to the sui and tang dynasties. This jade omament pushes the appearance of this image to the middle and late westem han dynasty.The name of the animal on the jade ornament has many names,such as Weishou Xuanxiong or Fangxiangshi. The author tries to explore the origin and evolution of this image by taking this jade ornament as the entry point.