河南省郑州市小双桥遗址浮选结果及分析

Flotation Results and Analysis on Xiao Shuangqiao Ruins, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province

小双桥遗址位于河南省郑州市西北,邙山以南的平原地带。该遗址文化堆积的主体应该是以具有大型宫殿建筑基址、大批祭祀遗存为主的白家庄期文化遗存,大致相当于商代中期早段。对小双桥遗址2014-2015年植物浮选样品鉴定显示,其中包含了大量炭化植物遗存,粟、黍、稻米、小麦、大豆这五种农作物炭化籽粒,共计1699粒。其他可鉴定的植物种子还包括狗尾草、胡枝子、草木樨、糙叶黄芪、藜、马唐、紫苏、水棘针、铁苋菜、菊科等等。结果显示小双桥遗址以旱作农业为主,兼营稻作的农业生产模式。至迟二里头时期已经在中原地区出现的小麦在该遗址中有了较多的发现。稻米与小麦在遗址中似乎有着各自的集中分布区,并且在遗迹单位中也并不共存,应该反映着一定的社会文化原因。小双桥遗址出土杂草组合与中原地区新石器时代至二里头时期的基本一致,还是以狗尾草、藜和几种豆科杂草为主,旱地杂草种类居多,同样存在一些喜温、湿环境的植物。

The Xiaoshuangqiao Site is located at the plain area, to the south of the Mangshan Mountain, in the northwest part of Zhengzhou Ciw, Henan. The culture remains of the site basically belongs to the Baijiazhuang Period （roughly the Early Phase of Middle Shang DynasW） in the terms of large-sized palace foundation ;rod large num- bers of sacrificial remains. From the identification of plant flotation samples fi＇om the Xiaoshuangqiao Site during 2014 2015, we found large quantities of charred plant remains, including five wpes of crop seeds, i.e. Setaria italic, P-micum milinceum, Or）za saliva, Tritix＇um aestivum, Glyeine max, and other identifiable weed seeds, including Setari- a viridis, Lespedeza bicolor, Melilalus suaveolens, Astragalta, scaberrimus, Chenopodium album, Digitaria sanguinalis, Perilla frutescens, Amethystea caerulea, Acalypha australis, Asteraceae etc. The results demonstrates that the dry agri- culture dominated the farming system in the Xiaoshuangqiao Site, while rice farming was a complement. Wheat, which had already existed m the Central Plain during the Erhtou Period at the latest, were largely found in this site. It seemed that the two crops, rice and wheat had their own concentrating distributing areas, and showed no co-ex- istence from the features, reflecting certain social cultnral reasons. The combination of weeds in the Xiaoshuangqiao Site was roughly as same as the one in the Central Plains from the Neolithic Period to the Erlitou Period. Setaria viridis, Chenopodium album and several Fabeceae weeds were still the dominant ones, and the weeds from dry land played the main role, with some thermophyte and hygrophilous ptants.