康德道德哲学对直观的拒斥和运用

The Rejection and Application of Intuition in Kant’s Moral Philosophy

康德的直观理论是由感性直观、想象力和智性直观三个层次构成的。直观在第一批判和第三批判中都发挥着重要作用,但在《实践理性批判》和其他道德哲学的著作中,康德明确拒斥了直观的作用,这种拒斥集中体现在《实践理性批判》的分析论中。然而直观在康德的道德哲学中仍然以一种间接的方式发挥着作用,即康德借助于类比和象征,用可直观之物来表现不可直观之物。从象征的角度也可以理解康德提出的＂德性义务的图型＂这一看似自相矛盾的概念。

Kant’s theory of intuition is composed of three levels:sensible intuition,imagination,and intellectual intuition.Intuition plays an important role in both the first critique and the third critique.But in the critique of practical reason and other moral philosophy works,Kant explicitly rejects the application of intuition.This rejection mainly shows in the Analytic of the critique of practical reason.In Kant’s moral philosophy,however,intuition still plays a role in an indirect way.Through analogy and symbolism,Kant represents the things which cannot be intuited by the things which can be intuited.From the perspective of symbolism,we can also understand Kant’s seemingly paradoxical concept of "the schema of duties of virtue".