美国出口管制的历史演变

The Evolution of the U. S. Export Control System

出口管制（export control）是国家依据法律和政策,通过出口许可证管理、核查等手段对其法人或自然人的货物、软件、技术等的出口进行管理和控制的行为。近年来出口管制已成为实现不扩散（又称防扩散,nonproliferation）的一项重要工具。出口管制直接关系国家的安全、地区乃至世界的和平与稳定。对美国出口管制的由来及演变进行历史的考察与分析,并对其出口管制政策的前景进行展望极为必要。

Export control is the management and control behavior toward the export of the merchandise, software and technology of the legal persons or natural persons in accordance with the law and policy via the means of management of the export certificate and the inspection. Especially, in recent years, export control has become an important tool for the fulfillment of dis-proliferation （or nonproliferation）. Export control is relevant directly to the nationalsecurity, and the regional or even the world peace and stability. The paper observes and analyses historically the origin and evolvement of the US export control, and makes an prospect of its export control policy.