效益与公平视角下省际水资源支撑能力比较分析

Provincial Water Resources Supporting Capacity from the Perspective of Benefit and Fairness

采用水资源支撑能力指数考察2015年中国分省尺度的水资源支撑状态,在此基础上,运用水资源支撑度模型,揭示各省份水资源与其经济产出和人口分布的适配情况。结果表明:(1)经济产出用水和人均水资源量存在地区差异,水资源的效益性和公平性问题需要得到重视;(2)黑龙江、贵州和西藏等21个省份水资源对经济的支撑作用主要表现为经济产出相对不足,水资源的经济产出效益有待提高,水资源支撑度有较大提升空间;(3)广东、贵州、云南和广西等21个省份的水资源支撑能力表现为水资源支撑人口存在水量盈余,且云南、海南等水资源支撑度低的省份多位于我国南部,水资源禀赋优势使得区域水资源对人口的支撑空间较大。

Water resources supporting capacity index was used to determine the status of water resources, economic output and population on the provincial scale in 2015. On this basis, matching situation of water resources, economic output and population distribution in each province was assessed and analyzed by using water resources supporting model . The results show that： （1） There are regional differences in water use for economic development and population, and issues about the benefit and fairness of water resources should be given priority; （2） These 21 provinces are characterized by the relative shortage of economic output such as Heilongjiang, Guizhou, and Tibet according to supporting capacity of water resources on the economic output. For these provinces, the economic output efficiency of water resources should be improved, which means there exists a great improvement space for the economic output that water resources can support; （3）These 21 provinces are characterized by the relative water surplus such as Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi, the supporting capacity of water resources on the population distribution is weak, and most provinces got a low score on the water resources supporting degree on the population, such as Yunnan and Hainan, which are located in the southern areas and have the advantage of water resources endowment, making regional water resources have more supporting space on the population.