小细胞肺癌的生物学研究及其临床治疗进展

Biology of SCLC: the implications and the progress for the clinical therapy

肺癌是全球几大恶性肿瘤之一,在我国居于恶性肿瘤发病及死亡首位。小细胞肺癌是肺内分泌肿瘤的一种,具有侵袭性强、易复发、易转移、预后不良等特征。而临床上小细胞肺癌的一线治疗方案仍未取得突破性的进展,主要仍以化疗为主,辅以放疗等综合治疗。虽然,小细胞肺癌对化疗反应敏感,但80%局限期小细胞肺癌及几乎所有广泛期小细胞肺癌都会发生肿瘤复发及进展,且化疗的毒副作用大。生物信息学及分子生物技术的发展为癌症的诊治提供更为广泛的空间,其中生物治疗方法为近年研究的热点之一,尤其是免疫治疗,特别是研究一些免疫检查点抑制剂以达到抗癌的作用。本文旨在阐述小细胞肺癌生物学研究及其治疗进展。

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancer around the world and the first cause of tumor-related mortality inChina. Small-cell lung cancer （SCLC） is the neuroendocrine tumor with the characteristic of high aggressivity and growthfraction, early development of widespread metastases and poor prognosis in patients with SCLC. In the clinical practice, thefirst-line therapy for SCLC has been unchanged for decades, mainly the usage of chemoradiotherapy for SCLC. AlthoughSCLC patients are sensitive to chemotherapy, recurrence arises rapidly in 80% of limited-stage SCLC and nearly all theextensive-stage SCLC cases. The progress of molecular biotechnology has provided hope for SCLC patients with newtherapeutic strategies, especially the immunotherapy with immune-checkpoint blockade. Here, we reviewed the progressmade in revealing the biology of SCLC and its implication for the new clinical therapy.