类型学视角下汉语状语从句的判定与分类研究

The definition and classification of Chinese adverbial clauses from the perspective of typology

状语从句是类型学研究中的重要参项,但在汉语的研究传统中,一般将状语从句看作偏正复句进行研究,其研究思路和研究方法与西方语言学存在较大差异。从类型学视角出发,同时立足于汉语的语料事实和特征对汉语偏正复句进行重新审视,可以促进国内的研究成果与国际语言研究接轨。汉语的状语从句不仅具有类型学共性,也具有自身的个性特征,对汉语状语从句的界定,有五项可操作性的判定标准。汉语的状语从句可以分为逻辑关系类状语从句和描述类状语从句两大类。其中,前者是类型学中最为典型的状语从句,包括:条件、原因、让步、目的等状语从句,后者在汉语中只有时间状语从句。

Adverbial clause is a very important typological parameter. In traditional Chinese studies,this phenomenon is regarded as modifying compound. This kind of research idea and research method is different from that in Western linguistics. Research from the perspective of typology will let the domestic research results gear to international linguistic study. Chinese adverbial clauses conform to universality on the one hand,and on the other hand,have their own individuality. There are five criteria for defining Chinese adverbial clauses. Chinese adverbial clauses have two types: first,the adverbial clauses of Logic Relation,which is the most representative type of adverbial clauses in typology and second,adverbial clauses of Description. The former includes 4 adverbial clauses: Condition,Cause,Concession and Purpose; the latter only includes adverbial clause of Time.