荒诞、焦虑和勇气——《尼罗河上的絮语》中的存在主义哲思

Absurdity, Anxiety, and Courage - The Philosophy of Existentialism in the Novel Adrift on The Nile

本文以诺贝尔文学奖得主纳吉布·马哈福兹的短篇小说《尼罗河上的絮语》为例，从存在主义哲学角度探索马哈福兹对“存在”这个本体论问题的思索。马哈福兹在小说中塑造了一群对现实极为不满却又无能为力的埃及知识分子形象，他们以聊天、调情、吸大麻来逃避存在的荒谬以及对存在的焦虑，但最终马哈福兹让其中最为麻木的主人公选择勇敢地承担责任，走上探寻之路，揭示了人应该勇于存在，积极入世，靠自由选择来赋予人生意义的哲理。

Taking the novel Adrift on the Nile written by the Nobel Prize winner in Literature （1988） -Naguib Mahfouz as an example, this article tries to investigate Mahfouz’s thoughts on the Ontological problem “existence”. In this novel, Mahfouz shapes a group of Egyptian intellectuals who are extremely dissatis.ed with the reality but come up empty-handed. These intellectuals try to evade the absurdity and anxiety of “existence” by chitchat, .irting and taking marijuana, nevertheless, eventually Mahfouz chooses the protagonist who is the numb one among them to shoulder his responsibility with courage to go on the road of exploration, thus revealing the philosophy that human beings should have the courage to exist, enter into the society actively and endow the human life with signi.cance through free choices.