从思维激活到理智兴趣培育:启发的教学意蕴及其实现

From the Activation of Thinking to the Cultivation of Rational Interest: The Implication of Inspiration and Its Realization

教学的直接指向是学生思维世界的开启,任何教学都要首先能够激发个体思维参与到特定教学情境所包容着的知识世界,以此使得个体身心参与到其生活世界的建构之中。启发作为教学中的重要环节,就在于其恰切和适宜地开启了个体思维世界,引领个体生命空间的不断打开,以此带出个体作为社会人的存在意义。启发的具体展开是以满足学生的好奇为基础,经由教师的指引使其对教学内容产生进一步的兴趣,也即发生在对教学事物亲近感的基础上达成理智兴趣的深度扩展,经由教师向着学生的"因材而启"与"因时而启",从而在教师引导与激励之中让个体理智兴趣向着时间与空间之维不断地自我超越。启发的最终指向在于多方面地敞开个体思维之空间,使得个体生发和建立一种探究各类事物的兴趣,并领略和掌握其中的方法,从而获得理智生命的发展,并在此过程中带出个体生命的整全性。

The direction of teaching opens the students＇ thinking world. Any teaching should first inspire individual thinking to participate in the knowledge world contained in a specific teaching situation, so that individual mind and body can participate in the construction of their life world. As an important part of teaching, it is proper and appropriate for inspiration to open the individual thinking world, to lead to the continuous opening of individual life space, so as to bring out the significance of individual as a social person. Inspiration＇s specific expansion is based on the satisfaction students＇ curiosity, and through teacher＇s guidance to make them have a further interest in teaching content, namely to reach the depth of rational interest expansion based on intimate feelings toward teaching things. The uhimate goal of inspiration is to open up the space of individual thinking in many aspects, making individuals grow and establish an interest in exploring various things, and appreciating and mastering the methods, so as to obtain the development of rational life and bring out the integrity of individual life in this process.