面向对象程序设计基本原则探析

Analysis of the Basic Principles of Object-oriented Programming

OOP即面向对象程序设计.OOP中引入了接口、抽象类、继承、多态等概念,但是在使用这些特性进行设计的时候经常会产生接口、抽象设计混乱,类设计、类耦合和依赖不合理等问题.本文给出了OOP设计时要遵循的设计原则,即单一职责,迪米特,依赖倒转,里氏替换,接口隔离,开闭原则,合成/复用等原则.每一个原则都蕴含了一些面向对象程序设计的思想,因而可以从不同的方面使得软件设计和开发得到提高.

Object-oriented programming（OOP） introduces concepts such as interfaces, abstract classes, inheritance, and polymorphism. However, when designing with these features, interfaces, abstract design confusion, class design, class coupling, and unreasonable dependencies are often generated. We provide design principles to be followed in OOP design, namely single responsibility, Least Knowledge, dependence Inversion, Liskov Substitution, interface Segregation, Open-Closed principles, Composite Reuse and other principles. Each principle conrains ideas for object-oriented programming, which can improve software design and development from different aspects.