不同施肥量对椰糠栽培番茄生长的影响

Effect of dose of fertilizer on tomato growth planted under coconut-coir cultivation

为探索在智能玻璃温室中用椰糠条种植番茄模式下适宜的肥料用量,配制不同肥料量的灌溉液进行试验。结果显示,肥料用量的多少对基质的EC和pH值有直接影响。随着肥料用量的增加,流出液的EC值增加,pH值下降,EC与pH值呈负相关。肥料用量的多少影响作物对营养元素的吸收,叶片中氮、磷、钾的含量随着肥料用量的增加而增加,但钙、镁的含量相应下降。高用肥量对产量有较大影响,在第5穗果采收后,低肥量、中肥量和高肥量的平均单株产量分别是1.76、1.71、1.52 kg,低肥量、中肥量比高肥量分别高15.8%和12.5%,差异达到极显著水平。综合中肥量流出液的EC、pH值和各元素含量,当EC在2.5～3.5 mS·cm^(-1)之间时,pH在6.0～7.5之间,营养元素含量也较均衡,所以,此区间可以作为调节用肥量的一个参考指标。

In order to explore the appropriate dose of fertilizer when plant tomato in coconut coir in intelligent glass greenhouse, different concentrations of fertilizer were used to irrigate tomato. The results indicated that the dose of fertilizer directly affected EC and pH of coconut-coir, the EC value increased with the increase of fertilizer dose, while the pH value showed the converse trend. The dose of fertilizer also significantly affected the absorption of nutrients, with the increase of fertilizer amounts, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in tomato leaves also increased, whereas the contents of calcium and magnesium decreased simultaneously. The yield of tomato was largely affected by high application of fertilizer, after the harvest of the fifth tomato fruit, the average yield of a tomato plant under low medium and high application of fertilizer were 1.76 kg, 1.71 kg, and 1.52 kg respectively, and the yield of low and medium fertilizer application were 15.8% and 12.5% respectively higher than that of high fertilizer application, the difference of the two both reached a very significant level. Considering the EC, pH and the element contents in the drain water of the medium dose of fertilizer, the nutrient content was balanced when the EC value of drain water was between 2.5 mS·cm-1 and 3.5 mS·cm-1 and the pH was between 6.0 and 7.5. Therefore, such EC range could be used as a reference for adjusting the application of fertilizer.