从挂毯图像到性别史研究——浅析15—16世纪法国挂毯艺术中的女性新形象

From Female Images in Tapestries to Studies of Gender History:Analysis of the New Female Images in the French Tapestry From 15-16 century

挂毯艺术在欧洲曾一度极为兴盛,在文字材料相对匮乏的女性史研究领域,是不可多得的重要材料。从法国国立中世纪博物馆以及卢浮宫现存的挂毯藏品来看,中世纪晚期、文艺复兴早期,法国挂毯中的女性形象相较之前的其他女性图像资料而言,已经发生了非常明显的变化。不仅题材从宗教教义开始向日常生活场景蔓延,并且女性在其中占据的位置也相应发生重要转变。此外,挂毯还着力表现幸福美满的两性关系。在此背后,是整个欧洲在文艺复兴的人文主义思潮背景中对尘世生活的观念发生了转折性的变化,性别观念也随之发生显著变更。

Tapestry art was once very prosperous in Europe,which is rare and important in the field of female history research where text materials are relatively scarce.The tapestry collection of the Louvre and the Musée national du Moyenge clearly shows that the image of women during the late Middle Ages and the early Renaissance has changed significantly compared with the previous works.Not only did the subject matter spread from the religious doctrine to the scene of daily life,but the position occupied by women in it also changed accordingly.In addition,the tapestry also focused on expressing the harmonious relations between men and women,which implies the concept of secular life has undergone tremendous changes in the context of the humanistic trend of the Renaissance throughout Europe,and the gender concept has also changed significantly.