高校国防科技人才心理素质教育的发展现状与改进策略——基于国防科技行业毕业生的实证研究

The Situations and Solutions of National Defense Science & Technology Talents' Psychological Quality Education:An Empirical Study on Graduates of National Defense Technology Industry

高校心理素质教育是促进国防科技人才心理强健、积极发展的重要保障和必要举措。为考察高校国防科技人才心理素质教育的发展状况及存在问题,基于自编问卷并采用职场回溯法,对全国3693名国防科技行业毕业生进行调研。结果发现:毕业生认为高校心理素质教育水平中等趋低,对其满意度评价偏低;毕业生的心理教育水平及满意度均存在显著的院校类型、学生干部经历、工龄差异;国防科技专业在校生较欠缺的前两类心理素质是抗压耐挫和坚毅忍耐,较常见的前两种心理问题是情绪问题和自我意识问题。最后提出心理素质教育的改进策略。

Psychological quality education is an important measure and necessary condition to guarantee the mental strength and positive development of national defense science and technology talents. In order to explore the current development status and existing problems of psychological quality education at universities, 3,693 graduates of national defense science ＆ technology industry were in- vestigated based on a selfmade questionnaire and workplace retrospective method. The results showed that： The graduates thought that the psychological quality education performance of their universities was medium to low, and their satisfaction with psychological quality education was relatively low. There were significant differences in the evaluation of psychological quality education satisfaction of colleges and universities in the types of college, experience of student cadres and working years. The first two psychological qualities of college students majoring in national defense science ＆ technology were the pressure resistance, the setback resistance, the tough- ness and the endurance; The first two common psychological problems were the emotional and self-consciousness problems. Finally, the improvement strategies of psychological quality education were discussed.