略论康熙皇帝对台湾的认识及其理台政策的演变

A Brief Study of the Evolution of Emperor Kang Xi’s Understandings to Taiwan and His Policies to Administrate Taiwan

康熙皇帝对台湾的认识有一个从模糊到逐渐清晰的过程,而且台湾地位的重要性始终是毋庸置疑的。他从来没有放弃台湾的想法。早在清郑对峙与议和时期,郑氏多次提出＂照朝鲜事例＂处置台湾,但康熙皇帝始终没有答应,坚守了国家统一的最后底线。在平定郑氏统一台湾之后,当臣下议论或弃或留之时,康熙皇帝果断决绝地把台湾收归清朝版图。这是由其秉持传统儒家大一统观的政治理念所决定的。可以说,统一台湾是康熙皇帝大一统观在完成国家统一的具体实践中不可或缺的重要环节。正因为如此,康熙皇帝的理台政策也有逐渐强化之势。从设置府县,展界开海,到派遣巡台御史,都逐步加快了台湾内地化的进程,从而也使台湾成为大一统中国不可分割的重要组成部分。

Emperor Kang Xi’s understandings to Taiwan had a process from vague to gradual clear,and the importance of Taiwan’s status was all along beyond all questions.Kang Xi never had ideas to give up Taiwan.As far back as confrontation and negotiation between the Qing government and the Zheng regime,the Zheng family repeatedly proposed to deal with Taiwan according to "Korean example," but Kang Xi never approved it and stuck to bottom line of state unification.After suppressing the Zheng regime and unifying Talwan,when officials and officers were discussing to give up Taiwan or reserve Taiwan,Kang Xi decisively incorporated Taiwan into the territory of Qing Empire.This was decided by his maintenance of political ideas of traditional Confucian great unification theory.We can say that unifying Taiwan was an indispensible important step in the practical process for Kang Xi to use the great unification theory to complete national unification.Just because of this,Kang Xi’s policies to administrate Taiwan gradually strengthened.His measures,from building prefectures and counties,and enlarging land and sea boundaries,to sending censors for inspecting Taiwan,gradually quickened the process for Taiwan’s Chinalization and made Taiwan an inalienable important part of unified China.