日本长崎唐通事眼中的康熙复台——以《华夷变态》为中心

Kang Xi’s Recovery of Taiwan in the Eyes of the Chinese Interpreters in Nagasaki:Centered on Kai Hentai

1683年,施琅率清军水师攻克澎湖,郑克塽随即降清,台湾自此纳入清朝版图。清朝、郑氏战争之进程,经由陆续赴日之华人海商而为长崎唐通事所把握,进而由唐通事以＂唐船风说书＂的形式报告给江户幕府。本文拟以《华夷变态》所收相关风说书为史料,揭示日本当时对康熙复台之认知过程,对以往主要依靠中文、西文的先行研究进行一些补充。此外,通事之认知建立于海商之报告,所以本文亦想探讨华人海商对康熙复台之观察。通过考察可知,日本基本上迅速地掌握了康熙复台的整个过程,因为台湾商船多为郑氏政权一方派遣,所以其报告中多见偏袒郑氏之语,但此并未对风说书的真实性产生大的影响。海商对台湾战时情形观察的角度也颇有与中文史料不同之处。

In 1683,after Shi Lang’s navy conquered the Peseadores,Z heng Keshuang immediately surrendered to the Qing government,and since then Taiwan was officially incorporated into the Qing territory.Through the Chinese maritime businessmen to Japan,the Chinese interpreters in Nagasaki learned the process of the Qing-Zheng war,and they reported the stories to Edo shogunate in form of "Tosen Fusetsu-gaki".Based on the stories collected by Kai Hentai,this article tries to reveal the process of how the Japanese people understood Kang Xi’s recovery of Taiwan,and makes some supplements to past studies mainly based on the Chinese and Western data.The understandings of interpreters were based on reports of maritime businessmen,so that this article also expects to explore perspectives of Chinese maritime businessmen to Kang Xi’s recovery- of Taiwan.Through this exploration,we know that Japan swiftly learned the whole process of Kang Xi’s recovery of Taiwan,and because most of Taiwan commercial ships were sent by the Zheng family regime,so that there appeared many statements in favor of the Zheng family regime,but this did not fundamentally affect veracity of Fusetsu-gaki.Maritime businessmen’s angles to observe the war in Taiwan are also different from those in Chinese historical data.