喉鳞状细胞癌的表观遗传调控研究进展

Epigenetic regulations in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

喉癌是头颈部最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其主要病理类型为喉鳞状细胞癌（laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma,LSCC）。尽管诊断和治疗方式有所改善,但在过去20年里喉癌患者的生存率仍然较低。深入揭示LSCC发病的分子机制有利于其早期诊断及开发有效的治疗方法。表观遗传学调控在喉癌发生发展中发挥了重要的作用,通过表观遗传学的相关研究,有望为喉癌的诊断和治疗提供新的策略,从而改善患者的生存率。表观遗传（epigenetics）是指在基因组DNA序列不发生改变的情况下,基因的表达发生改变,且这种改变可以遗传。

Laryngeal cancer,which is mainly consisted of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma（LSCC）,is one of the common neoplasms in head and neck.In spite the advantages in diagnose and treatment,the mortality of LSCC is still high in the past 20 years.Epigenetic regulations play a important role in LSCC.The aim of this review is to provide an update on the epigenetic regulations in LSCC,such as the methylation of chromatin,the pre-and post-regulation of transcription by microRNAs and/or long noncoding RNAs.The gene methylation can represses the expression of genes,and some histone and DNA methylation are associated with LSCC.Histone deacetylases also play a role in LSCC.MicroRNAs are about 22 nt in length,which inhibit or facilite the occurrence and development of LSCC by different mechanisms.Long noncoding RNAs（lncRNAs）,more than 200 nt in length,can modulate the LSCC in different levels,such as gene methylation modification,microRNA regulation.Based on the differences of epigenetic regulation,some characteristics may serve as markers of diagnose,and even facilitate the treatment of LSCC.