从刺激到科学:奎因的科学证据观

From Stimulus to Science: Quine'View of Scientific Evidence

奎因是一个彻底的经验主义者,他继承和发展了逻辑经验主义的证据观,提倡一切知识都要通过经验的检验,他认为这是科学之为科学的根本要求,也可以视为科学这种语言游戏的定义性特征,这就是奎因的科学证据观的微言大义。他提出观察句是作为检验科学理论正确与否的最终检验点,也是作为最终证据的载体,科学理论与观察句之间通过观察直言句的连接展现出二者的逻辑蕴含关系。学界对奎因的这种科学证据观也提出了质疑和挑战,奎因一一做出了回应并维护了经验主义的立场。

Quine is a thorough empiricist who inherited and developed the logical view of logical empiricism,advocating that all knowledge should be tested by experience,which he considered to be the fundamental requirement of science,and that also can be regarded as the definition of the language game of science,all of which is the core idea of Quine＇s scientific evidence. He claimed that the observation sentence was the final test point for the correctness of the scientific theory,and the carrier of the final evidence. The connection between the scientific theory and the observation sentence shows the logical implication of the two by observation categorical. The academic community questioned and challenged Quine＇s scientific evidence,and Quine responded to them and maintained the empiricist position.