“喜怒哀乐”与“春夏秋冬”合类说——以董仲舒《春秋繁露》为中心

On the Idea of “Pleasure, Anger, Sorrow and Joy” and “Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter” Having Same Attributes: Mainly Based on Dong Zhongshu's Chun Qiu Fan Lu

董子将"喜怒哀乐"与"春夏秋冬"比配合类,因为二者具有相同的属性"暖清寒暑"。而二者的合类,是在天人同构理论的前提之下进行的,"喜怒哀乐"四种情绪的实质是阴阳二气。阴阳之气有兴衰,故而"喜怒哀乐"同四时一样有循环流转,其背后的依凭是时间节律观。在此基础上,可以归纳出董子的修身之道与为政之道。一方面,董子认为人的四种心气应适时而发,不可滞留;另一方面,董子认为君主应效法天地的绝对准则执政,甚至提出君主应当"不私""无为"的政治主张。

Based on the premise of the theory of the same structure between nature and man, Dongzi compares “pleasure, anger, sorrow and joy” with “spring, summer, autumn and winter”, holding that they have the same attributes of “being warm, cool, cold and hot”. The essence of the four emotions of “pleasure, anger, sorrow and joy” is yin and yang, which have ups and downs. Therefore, like the four seasons, the four emotions of “pleasure, anger, sorrow and joy” have their own circle according to time rhythm. Based on the above, Dong Zi’s ideas of cultivating one’s moral qualities and governing a country can be summed up. On the one hand, Dongzi believes that the four emotions should be timely released and can’t be held up; on the other hand, he believes that the monarch should follow the absolute principle of the heaven and the earth, and he even puts forward the political claim that the monarch should be “selfless” and “inactive”.