我国《证券法》第180条第4项的合宪性分析

A Constitutional Analysis on Article 180(4) of Securities Law of the People’s Republic of China

宪法规定的公民基本权利是涉及公民生存和发展的最重要、最核心的权利,对其进行限制应该符合宪法及法律的规定,宪法第40条规定的通信自由权就属于其中之一。根据《证券法》第180条第4项的规定,国务院证券监督管理机构依法履行职责时,有权采取＂查阅与被调查事件有关的通讯记录＂之措施。此处的＂通讯记录＂属于通信自由权的保护范围之内,对其进行限制应符合法定的条件。但《证券法》第180条第4项在限制目的和限制主体方面与我国宪法第40条存在冲突,有侵犯公民通信自由权的可能性,需要通过法律解释或者修改法律的方法予以解决。

The fundamental rights of citizens as prescribed in the Constitution of China are the most important and central ones concerning the survival and development of citizens, so limitations on these rights should meet the provi- sions of the Constitution and other laws, freedom of communication is one of them. As Article 180 （4） of the Securities Law of China stipulates, securities regulatory authorities under the State Council, when perforating their duties pursuant to law, shall have the power to check the correspondence records related to the cases under investigation. The ＂corre- spondence records＂ here are within the scope of the right to freedom of communication and shall be subject to legal con- ditions. But this stipulation constitutes a limitation on citizens＇ freedom of correspondence, conflicts with Article 40 of the Constitution in the context of both purpose and subject, may infringe upon the freedom of correspondence of citizens in certain circumstances, it need to be resolved by legal interpretation or legal modification.