加工贸易福利效应研究综述与展望

Review and Prospect of Study on Welfare Effect of Processing Trade

理解贸易自由化下加工贸易的福利效应，一直是国内外经济学家探求的重要任务之一。加工贸易的福利效应，关乎其去留问题与转型升级路径。长期以来，国际贸易文献对加工贸易的福利效应的观点和研究角度不一致。基于此，文章系统梳理了国内外关于加工贸易发展原因的文献，归纳了加工贸易对经济增长、收入分配、就业、环境的正向和负向影响，分析了贸易自由化通过影响异质性企业行为从而影响贸易福利的作用机制，最后，结合加工贸易的实践要求指出了未来研究方向。

Understanding the welfare effects of processing trade under trade liberalization has always been one of the important tasks pursued by economists at home and abroad. The welfare effect of processing trade has to do with the retention, transformation and upgrading of processing trade. Over a long period of time, the opinions and research perspectives of the international trade literature on the welfare effects of processing trade have been inconsistent. Based on this, this paper reviews the domestic and international literature on the causes of the development of processing trade systematicaly; summarizes the positive and negative effects of processing trade on economic growth, income distribution, employment, and the environment, and analyzes the mechanism of trade liberalization affecting the trade welfare by affecting the behavior of heterogeneous firms. Finally, combining the practice requirements of processing trade, this paper has condensed the future research direction.