关怀自身:福柯生存伦理学的理论渊源论析

From “Self–Awareness” to “Self-Care”:The Theoretical Sources of Michel Foucault's Survival Ethics

生存伦理学是福柯思想中的精华。福柯希望通过生存伦理学引导"主体自身"走出现代性的困境,将人从传统的主体性原则中解放出来,恢复人之为人的自然面目,寻求生存的最高自由境界,创造属于自身幸福美好生活的审美实践原则。福柯用他独特的系谱学方法论,从古希腊罗马、中世纪基督教文化以及尼采的生存美学中萃取精华,构建出以关怀自身、修身技术与生存美学为核心概念的生存伦理学。福柯强调,人必须视自己为独特的伦理主体,需要关怀自身,并经由审美存在的态度与实践,将自身培养成为独立自由和充满创造活力的审美生命体。

Survival ethics is the essence of Michel Foucault＇s philosophy. By advocating this theory, Foucault triesto help people extricate themselves from the traditional subjective principle in order that they, the subject itself, can getout of the dilemma of modernity, restore the nature of human beings, pursue the highest free realm of survival, andeventually create the aesthetic practice principles aiming at creating a happy and beautiful life. Based on his distinctivegenealogical methodology, Foucault extracts the essence from the ancient Greek and Rome philosophy, the medievalChristian culture and Nietzsche＇s aesthetics of existence, and then develops his own survival ethics with the key con-cepts of self-care, self-technology and aesthetics of existence. Foucault emphasizes that a human being must regardhimself as a unique ethical subject with the right to take care of himself, and cultivate himself to be an independent andvital aesthetic individual by aesthetic attitude and practice.