论胡适新诗理论中的跨界式叙事——从“作诗须得如作文”的诗学命题谈起

On Hu Shi's Transboundary Narrative Idea in His Theory of New Poetry:A Talk of the Proposition of“Composing a Poem as an Essay”

在新诗理论初创之时,胡适曾提出过"作诗须得如作文"的诗学命题。长期以来,几乎所有的诗歌从业者都认为这是个"非诗"主张,会把诗歌的创作引入歧途。传统观念认为"诗"与"文"势不两立,然而,胡适却提出了一个不同文体间的相互引入与融合的美学转向问题。具体地说,胡适为了扭转"诗"愈来愈狭小、单薄的精神空间,决定把"文"的一些特长,诸如描写、叙事性汲取进来,从而扩大诗歌内在的表现力。这种把原本并驾齐驱的两种不同文体嫁接、融合到一起的实践,表明新诗的表达模式是一种跨界式表达模式,它既有传统诗歌的抒情性,又有了"文"的叙事性,形成了一种"抒情+叙事"的现代新手法。

Early when he advanced a theory of new poetry, Hu Shi proposed that composing a poem is to compose an essay. For a long time, almost everyone who is concerned in poetic composition believes that this theory is of ＂non-poetry＂ and will lead the composition of poetry astray. The tradition has it that the relationship between ＂poetry＂ and ＂essay＂ is irreconcilable. However, Hu proposed an aesthetic turn that demands an intertextual quotation and integration. That is, in order to resolve the spiritual narrowness and thinness of poetic creation and therefore, to enlarge the poetic expressiveness, Hu proposed to integrate the merits that essay possesses, such as description and narration, into poetic composition. The practice that integrate these two different creative styles indicates that model of new poetic composition is of a transboundary model, which possesses the lyric feature of traditional poems and the narrativitiy of essays and thus, becomes a new method of poetic composition, namely lyric plus narrative.