嫁接和有机肥对冬瓜生长发育和根际土壤微生物的影响

Effects of Grafting and Organic Fertilizer on the Growth of Wax Gourd and Rhizosphere Soil Microbes

为了明确不同栽培方式和有机肥施用量对冬瓜生产效应的影响,建立科学合理的栽培模式,本研究通过裂区设计田间试验,主区为2种栽培方式(嫁接栽培和自根栽培),副区为5个有机肥施用水平(0、3 750、7 500、11 250、15 000 kg/hm^2),研究栽培方式和有机肥施用量对冬瓜生长发育及根际土壤微生物的影响。结果表明:(1)嫁接栽培和有机肥施用量均能显著影响冬瓜植株干物质重量、产量、果实品质、叶片氮、磷、钾含量及其根际微生物数量。(2)与自根冬瓜相比,嫁接栽培冬瓜干物质和产量分别平均增加12.41%和13.71%;有机酸、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、可溶性固性物含量分别平均提高了33.57%、18.41%、24.37%和14.52%;冬瓜叶片氮、磷、钾含量较自根苗冬瓜分别平均提高了8.74%、31.02%和12.06%;嫁接栽培冬瓜根际土壤中放线菌和细菌数量和微生物总量分别平均提高了16.33%、28.37%、27.97%,真菌数量减少了23.62%。(3)无论是嫁接栽培还是自根苗栽培,植株干重、产量、叶片氮磷钾含量、有机酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量、维生素C含量、根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量及总微生物数量均随有机肥施用量的增加而升高。

In order to clarify the effects of different cultivation methods and the amount of organic fertilizer on the production effect of wax gourd and establish a scientific cultivation models, a split-field design experiment was carried out using two main methods of cultivation（grafting and self-rooted cultivation） and subplots with different organic fertilizer application levels（0, 3 750, 7 500, 11 250, 15 000 kg/hm^2） to investigate the effects of cultivation method and organic fertilizer application levels on the yield and quality and rhizosphere soil microbes of the wax gourd. Grafting cultivation and organic manure application could significantly affect dry weight, yield, quality traits, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of leaf and rhizosphere microbes of wax gourd. Compared to self-rooted cultivation, the wax gourd produced by grafting had a 12.41% and 13.71% increase in dry matter and yield respectively, and 33.57%, 18.41%, 24.37% and 14.52% increase in the content of organic acid, soluble protein of fruit respectively; and 8.74%, 31.02% and 12.06% increase in leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content; and the numbers of actinomycetes, bacterias and the total microorganisms increased by 16.33%, 28.37%, 27.97%, whereas the number of fungi decreased by 23.62% for the grafting. Both in grafting cultivation and self-rooted cultivation, if organic fertilizer increased, the content of plant dry weight, yield, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of leaf, organic acid content, soluble protein, Vc content of fruit, rhizosphere soil bacteria and actinomycetes and the total number of microorganisms would increase.