夏季不同采收时间对香蕉果实品质和加工特性的影响

Effects of Different Harvest Times on Banana Post-harvest Quality and Processing Characteristics in Summer Season

选取威廉斯B6香蕉(Musa AAA Cavendish cv.‘Williams B6’)为试材,分别于断蕾后50、60、70、80 d采收(对应果实分别记为:F-50,F-60,F-70和F-80),以探究夏季不同采收时间对香蕉果实品质和加工特性的影响。主要考察指标有单果重、可食率、果实失重率、果实可溶性固形物、果肉硬度、果肉多酚含量和褐变速率。结果表明:F-80的单果重和可食率(分别为189.7 g和65.7%)显著高于其他处理,且果实失重率、果肉多酚含量和褐变速率显著低于F-50和F-60;F-60可溶性固形物含量显著高于F-70和F-80。因此,适当延长采收时间可提高果实单果重和可食率,降低果实可溶性固形物含量、失重率、多酚含量和褐变速率。综合考虑香蕉产量和品质变化,根据不同用途选择合适的时间采收香蕉。

The banana cultivar Musa AAA Cavendish cv. ＇Williams B6＇ was selected as the experimental material. Bananas were harvested at 50 d, 60 d, 70 d and 80 d after bud-cutting, which were marked as F-50, F-60, F-70 and F-80 respectively. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of harvest time on banana post-harvest quality and processing characteristics in summer. The finger fruit weight, edible rate, weight loss rate, total soluble solid, fruit firmness, content of polyphenol and browning rate were determined. The results showed that the finger fruit weight and edible rate of F-80 was 189.7 g and 65.7%, respectively, and were significantly higher than that of other treatments. Compared with F-50 and F-60, F-80 significantly reduced the fruit weight loss rate, fruit content of polyphenol and browning rate. Total soluble solids of F-60 was significantly higher than that of F-70 and F-80. Therefore, appropriately delayed harvest can improve finger fruit weight and edible rate, and reduce fruit weight loss rate, the content of polyphenol and browning rate. Considering banana yield and processing quality, we suggest that the fruits should be harvested at the optimum right time according to the purposes.