美国社区学院兼职教师管理制度对我国的启示

The Enlightenment of American Community College Part-time Teacher Management System to China

美国兼职教师队伍相较于我国发展规模庞大,其原因在于兼职教师可减少教育经费支出,弥补教师专业技能空缺,满足学校课程变化的需求。当前,发展兼职教师队伍是整个职业教育发展的趋势。美国社区学院兼职教师在管理制度上拥有多层管理、职责分明,专兼平等,竞争机制明显,管理制度形式多样化的特点。我国要发展兼职教师队伍可借鉴美国社区学院兼职教师管理制度建设的成功经验,建立包含招聘、激励、培训、评价的系统化制度,引入竞争机制,建立兼职教师管理部门以推动兼职教师队伍的发展。

Compared with the development scale of China, the part- time teachers in the United States have a larger scale. The reason is that part-time teachers can reduce the expenditure of education, make up for the vacancy of teachers’professional skills, and meet the needs of school curriculum changes. At present, the development of part-time teachers is the trend of education development. The part-time teachers in American community colleges have the characteristics of multi- level management, clear responsibility, exclusive equality, obvious competition mechanism and diversified management system. The development of part-time teachers in China can draw on the successful experience and experience of the construction of part-time teachers management system in American community colleges, establish a systematic system including recruitment, motivation, training and evaluation, introduce competition mechanism, and establish part-time teachers management department to promote the development of part-time teachers.