空间、场所与生活世界--建筑现象学的哲学解读

Space, Place and Life World——Philosophical Understanding of Architectural Phenomenology

建筑的本质在于其本身,建筑通过自身显现其内涵及其演化过程;建筑现象学的核心是"直接面向并认知建筑";建筑与人和环境的关系经历从依附、改造到伙伴关系等发展阶段。人对于建筑的身心体验构成其日常生活的基本认知,人只有对建筑产生归属感与认同感,才可能将全部身心定居于此。人对建筑形成的认知是一种纯粹的意识状态,通过对意识的自我观照把握建筑的精神内涵与本质,并确立体验者经由对建筑的切身感受与反思而获得"确定的真实性"。空间的基本意义在于它使一个具象的结构作为空间的支持物和实体平台成为可能,场所的主要意义在于可为人体验此环境"是否有意义"提供所需的经验度量。生活世界的构建与发展离不开建筑,通过筑居与栖居这两类具有某种递进关系的居住方式分析建筑之于生活世界的内在关联,提出人对于建筑的深刻认知根植于生活积累。

The essence of architecture lies in itself.Architecture reveals its meaning and evolution process by itself.The core of architectural phenomenology is"directly facing and recognizing architecture".The relationship between architecture and human and environment have undergone development stages from dependence,transformation to partnership.The physical and mental experience of human to architecture constitutes the basic cognition of human daily life.Only when human have a sense of belonging and identity to the architecture,it is possible that the physical and mental of human are settled in the architecture.The cognition of human to architecture is a pure state of consciousness.Through the self examination of the consciousness,human grasp the spiritual connotation and essence of architecture,and establish the experiencer obtains the "definite truth" through the personal feeling and reflection of the architecture.The basic meaning of space is that it makes a concrete structure possible as the support of space and the entity platform.The main meaning of the place is that it provides the necessary experience measure for human to experience "whether the environment has meaning".The construction and development of the living world cannot be separated from the architecture.The paper proposes that the profound cognition of human to architecture is rooted in the accumulation of life through the two types of inhabitation mode,i.e."home building" and "dwelling",which has a certain progressive relationship,and analyses the inner connection of architecture to the life world.